Approaches and Missed Approach

Precision vs non-precision

Precision approaches (ILS, GLS, PAR) provide glideslope guidance to a decision altitude (DA). Non-precision (VOR, LNAV, LOC only) use minimum descent altitude (MDA) with level flight until the missed approach point.

Approach categories

Category A–D is based on 1.3 V_SO at maximum certificated landing weight. Higher category increases minimums on some procedures. Circling minimums apply when landing on a runway other than the aligned procedure.

Missed approach

Execute missed approach at DA/MDA if required visual references are not in sight. Add power, pitch to climb attitude, retract flaps/gear per profile and follow published or ATC-assigned missed procedure immediately.

Stabilised approach

By 1,000 ft AGL (500 ft for single-pilot), aircraft should be configured, on speed and on glidepath. If not stabilised, go missed. Monitor RAIM, altimeter setting (QNH) and briefed minimums before final approach fix.